The prostate gland sits under the bladder. It enlarges over time, and in middle age can cause problems with urination such as slowed stream, hesitation and dribbling. Surgery, and an increasing array of medications, is available for these symptoms.
Prostate cancer usually develops silently. Low-grade cancer can be present for years without causing problems, but more aggressive cancers can spread quickly. Apart from age, the main risk factors for prostate cancer are family history and genetics.
Screening for prostate cancer remains controversial. Based on available evidence, the Royal Australian College of GPs (RACGP) does not recommend routine screening. The prostate blood test (Prostate Specific Antigen, or PSA) can be raised if the gland is enlarged, inflamed, or affected by cancer. A positive test may lead to range of tests (including a biopsy via the rectum) and specialist appointments. Conversely, the test can be negative in the presence of cancer, and this can provide false reassurance. A rectal examination is considered less reliable again and not recommended, which I’m sure will not upset too many readers. The upshot of this is, that if you have concerns about symptoms, or a family history of prostate cancer, make a dedicated appointment with your GP to discuss your options.
In our imperfect world, we live with a great deal of uncertainty, and I feel this is one of these situations. More information is available at the Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, and the Cancer Council of Australia.
