With the wear and tear of life comes a reduced ability for the body and brain to repair, and some reduction in memory can occur. Dementia, however, results in severe impairments in memory and other thought processes that significantly affect a person’s social, occupational and day-to-day functioning.
Some people develop noticeable deficits in memory and thinking but are still able to manage independently. A diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment has been used more recently to describe this condition; it is not well defined, and not all people will progress to dementia.
There are several forms of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy Body disease, and vascular and alcohol-related dementia.
While age is the biggest risk factor for dementia, studies indicate the risk can be lessened by a lifestyle that incorporates mental stimulation and keeping the body and heart healthy.
The diagnosis of dementia is based on history, from the patient and their family, and examination by a doctor. Investigations are usually undertaken to rule out uncommon causes that may be treatable; most forms of dementia do not show up on blood tests or scans.
Alzheimer’s Australia and Your Brain Matters are useful websites on this topic.
